Magnets are composed of iron, nickel, and cobalt, which have both mutual repulsion and attraction. Due to the different magnetic substances in iron, nickel, and cobalt, the electrons inside can spontaneously form a consistent arrangement, with one end at the North Pole (N pole) and one end at the South Pole (S pole), which strengthens the magnetism and forms a magnet.

Magnets can be divided into permanent magnets and non permanent magnets. The former is a natural product that can maintain magnetism for a long time without easily losing its magnetism, while the latter requires certain conditions to appear magnetic, such as electromagnets.

Let's talk about the manufacturing process of permanent magnets here. Firstly, it is necessary to make multiple sand molds that require magnetic rotation, and then prepare the required materials, including copper, cobalt, sulfur, nickel, iron, aluminum, and titanium. Next, place the prepared metal materials in an electromagnetic furnace, heat them to above 1600 ℃, and melt them all into liquid. Then, pour these liquids into the prepared sand mold. At this point, the sand mold will burn. After the combustion is completed, use a hammer to pry open the casting mill and allow air to enter it to cool the material. Wait for the gas to burn out and separate the metal from the sand block. At this time, the metal is still an ordinary iron block with little magnetic force.

Then, tie the metal parts onto the copper tube and place them in a larger tube. Place the copper tube in the center of the tube and start to tightly stack the surrounding area with silica sand. Then, seal the upper and lower ends of the exposed copper tube with concrete. After completion, place it in the furnace and heat it at 700 ℃ before removing it - fix both ends of the copper tube with clamps, apply low voltage and high charge current, and remove the metal part. At this point, the metal has been slightly magnetized, and the correct magnetic field direction can be established.

Then, by using a magnetizing machine to activate the magnet, the machine will transmit the magnetism to the metal through an electric current to generate magnetism. Firstly, a high-voltage voltage (energy storage) is applied to the capacitor, and then it is discharged through a coil with a very small resistance. The peak current can reach tens of thousands of amperes, and the strong magnetic field generated by electromagnetism can permanently magnetize the metal. In this way, the permanent magnet is manufactured.